From Matthew 26:17-25 / A Study in Sovereignty and Personal Responsibility

The doctrine of the absolute sovereignty of God in all things, is the fundamental building block of the Biblical Worldview – of reality. Real, reality as Francis Schaeffer used to call it. There is reality – in terms of all we perceive empirically and experientially – and then there is the truth behind it all which we only receive by means of the special revelation of God’s Word.

I can know the physical universe exists by feeling it, touching it, living in it, smelling it, investigating it, etc. But I cannot know why the universe exists apart from the One who created it revealing His intent. He must speak. And He does so in His Word. It is there alone that we are shown that all things have come from Him, and they exist for Him, and will one day be shown to have served all His plans and purposes.

On top of that basic truth, we find out that all His plans and purposes have to do with eternal things like: “making known to us the mystery of his will, according to his purpose, which he set forth in Christ as a plan for the fullness of time, to unite all things in him, things in heaven and things on earth.” (Eph. 1:9-10)

And there are other such like comprehensive statements in His self-revelation.

Starting with an unprovoked creation of all things – His purposes lying only within Himself – He goes on to reveal that His sovereignty extends to all things. Even us. So we read in a place like Daniel 4:34-35 “At the end of the days I, Nebuchadnezzar, lifted my eyes to heaven, and my reason returned to me, and I blessed the Most High, and praised and honored him who lives forever, for his dominion is an everlasting dominion, and his kingdom endures from generation to generation; all the inhabitants of the earth are accounted as nothing, and he does according to his will among the host of heaven and among the inhabitants of the earth; and none can stay his hand or say to him, “What have you done?”’”

It is here we confront a mystery. How is it that God can be so absolutely in control of all things, and yet humankind, made in His image, still be morally responsible creatures, making and carrying out our own decisions?

In truth, God’s revelation does not tell us HOW it is so that both of things are true – it only tells us that both things ARE true. The mechanics behind this dual reality are not given to us. But that this is the truth, was so important to the Biblical writers, that the Scriptures are replete with examples. Not the least of which examples find a place in the earliest teaching of the Apostles. And, in a passage like the one before us.

A useful Old Testament example can be drawn from Isaiah 10. There, God has told Israel that He will use Assyria to punish Israel for their infidelity to Him. The language is remarkable. “Isaiah 10:5–7 “Woe to Assyria, the rod of my anger; the staff in their hands is my fury! Against a godless nation I send him, and against the people of my wrath I command him, to take spoil and seize plunder, and to tread them down like the mire of the streets. But he does not so intend, and his heart does not so think; but it is in his heart to destroy, and to cut off nations not a few.”

What is happening? God is pronouncing woe against pagan, rapacious Assyria for its decimation of Israel. But what does God call Assyria? “The rod of my anger, the staff in their hands is my fury.” Astounding. God is using them. He sends them against Israel, which He calls a “godless nation.” That He Himself appointed them to “take spoil and seize plunder, and to tread them down like the mire of the streets.”

And then we are met with a most amazing insight. Vs. 7 – “But he does not so think.” Assyria is not carrying out this campaign because they are consciously serving God’s purposes. No. It is simply “in his heart to destroy and cut off nations not a few.” i.e. Assyria is acting by its own sinful will, and yet in God’s providence, their sinful actions carry out God’s plan. They are still responsible for acting upon their sinful impulse are morally responsible agents, even as God’s necessary plan is carried out.

So we come to Peter’s preaching at Pentecost: “this Jesus, delivered up according to the definite plan and foreknowledge of God, you crucified and killed by the hands of lawless men.” (Acts 2:23)

And: Acts 3:17 – “And now, brothers, I know that you acted in ignorance, as did also your rulers. But what God foretold by the mouth of all the prophets, that his Christ would suffer, he thus fulfilled.”

Yet again: Acts 4:27-28 – “for truly in this city there were gathered together against your holy servant Jesus, whom you anointed, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, along with the Gentiles and the peoples of Israel, to do whatever your hand and your plan had predestined to take place.”

You can see how central this concept is in the earliest preaching of the Church, so that 2 things are perfectly preserved: God, sovereign over all, and Humankind, morally responsible for their decisions and actions.

From a slightly different angle, there is the story of an old, poor woman, who was always trying to communicate her faith to her wicked landlord.

One day, the landlord passed by her window, and heard her praying earnestly for just some bread. She had nothing to eat. And he sought the opportunity to overthrow her faith.

The landlord went to the bakery, purchased a loaf of bread, and retuned which she was still on her knees. Without her knowledge, he tossed the loaf onto her bed from the window.

Later, in conversation, the landlord prodded the woman about her faith, and she told him the wonderful news that even while she was praying that day, a loaf of bread miraculously appeared on her bread in answer to her prayer.

“Hah!” scoffed the landlord. “God didn’t hear your prayer, I did. And I went and purchased bread and threw it in through your window. What do you think of your God now?”

The old woman blinked and said: “Why He’s even more wonderful than I imagined! For not only did He hear my prayer for bread, He used the very hand of the Devil to provide it!”

So it is we come back to our text today. “The Son of Man goes as it is written of Him, but woe to that man by whom the Son of man is betrayed! It would have been better for that man if he had not been born.”

Jesus had to die for our sins, that we might be redeemed from the curse of Adam and reconciled to the Father. And, Judas’ betrayal was not some forced action against His will. He acted out of His own sinfulness. Thus his actions, no matter how used by God, are not mitigated because of God’s sovereignty over his free actions. Judas remains fully, personally, and singly responsible.

So do you and I. God’s sovereignty is never an excuse for our sins either.

Praise God then for the gift of repentance and the forgiveness of sins, for all who take complete responsibility for their sins – and come to Him with no excuses.

So Augustus Toplady’s blessed lyrics:

Nothing in my hands I bring,

Simply to Thy cross I cling;

Naked, come to Thee for dress,

Helpless, look to Thee for grace:

Foul, I to the fountain fly,

Wash me, Savior, or I die.

Oh what a Savior!