
One of the things I’ve come to admire in Augustine of Hippo (354-430) is his remarkable candor. You read it in his “Confessions” (which, if you haven’t read, you ought to) and in his “Retractiones” or Retractions. Historian Philip Schaff writes: “In his last years he [Augustine] took a critical review of his literary productions, and gave them a thorough sifting in his Retractations.” Philip Schaff and David Schley Schaff, History of the Christian Church (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1910), 994.
Upon growth, maturity and further reflection, the great theologian found he needed to refine many of the positions he had taken earlier in his life as a Christian. Most are nuances and refinements, while others are significant shifts. I’ll let you read “Retractions” to pick those up for yourself. But Schaff goes on to note that “the fundamental architecture of his theology remained consistent from his conversion onward.”
I don’t know about you, but I know for myself that I’ve had to work through a number of retractions theologically over the years as well. Refining thoughts on everything from spiritual gifts, the atonement, eschatology and the relationship between the New Covenant Believer and the Mosaic Law – have all be subjects for much refinement. For the better I believe. Shading and nuancing to bring thoughts more in line with a larger and more comprehensive digest of Scripture.
Now a number of years ago, in an effort to help cement foundational Biblical concepts for our congregation, we began weekly to recite the Apostle’s Creed in gathered worship. In the process, I also thought that modernizing the language some would be helpful, as well as expanding the section on the Holy a bit. He seems to get a bit of a short shrift in the Confession. And, due to our geographic location and its history as the epicenter of Mormonism – we wanted to strengthen the trinitarian concept as well.
As a result, we ended up with the following:
I believe in the one true
God of the Bible, eternally
existing in three persons;
in God the Father, Almighty,
creator of heaven and earth;
—
in Jesus Christ, His only Son,
our Lord, who was
conceived by the Holy Spirit,
born of the virgin Mary,
suffered under Pontius Pilate,
was crucified, He died,
and was buried;
—
the third day He rose
again from the dead;
He ascended into heaven,
and sits at the right hand of
God the Father Almighty,
from there He shall come to
judge the living and the dead;
—
and I believe in the Holy Spirit,
sent from the Father and the Son
Baptizing Believers into Christ Jesus,
indwelling and empowering them
and remaining as the very presence
of God within;
Joining us together as the universal
Church of Christ
—
I believe
in the communion of saints,
the forgiveness of sins,
the resurrection of the body,
and the life everlasting.
Alas! Here comes my “retraction.”
Upon much further reflection and study, it appears that while the phrase regarding the Holy Spirit – that he baptizes Believers into Christ Jesus – would be accepted by most, it is not the Scripture actually presents the concept. We see the difference in the way John the Baptizer speaks of Christ’s ministry in Matthew 3:11 (ESV) — “I baptize you with water for repentance, but he who is coming after me is mightier than I, whose sandals I am not worthy to carry. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire.”
The one baptizing is Christ Jesus, not the Spirit. The Spirit is instead the “element” into which (or better, into whom) the Believer is baptized. As Jesus will one day come and baptize all unbelievers in the fire of judgment, so it is upon belief, he baptizes Believers unto himself in the giving of the Spirit at conversion – upon the new birth.
Don Carson, commenting on 1 Cor. 12:13 “For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body—Jews or Greeks, slaves or free—and all were made to drink of one Spirit” writes: “Christ as the agent does the baptizing, and the Holy Spirit is the medium or sphere in which we are baptized. Moreover whenever the verb baptize is used in the New Testament, it is the medium of the baptism—water, fire, cloud, and so forth—that is expressed using this preposition ἐν (en), not the agent.”D. A. Carson, Showing the Spirit: A Theological Exposition of 1 Corinthians 12–14 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1987), 47.
I think Carson (along with most) is correct here.
So it is, I would propose an amendment to the previous formulation to something more like:
and I believe in the Holy Spirit,
sent from the Father and the Son
With whom Jesus baptizes Believers as his own;
indwelling and empowering them
and remaining as the very presence
of God within;
Joining us together as the universal
Church of Christ
I should prefer a touch more eloquence in the phrasing – and perhaps you might have a suggestion for something better. And if so, I’ll be glad to retract yet again!
In any event, I think it wise for Believers to think and re-think deeply on what we hold, how we hold it, and to clarify, sharpen, refine and refocus as we grow.
Blessings!









